Archive for May, 2008

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Chuck Klosterman IV Answers

15 May 2008

Over at The Kory Story there’s a set of posts posing questions from Chuck Klosterman (personally not familiar with him, but the questions are interesting enough), and so here are my answers:

1. Think about your life. Think about the greatest thing you have ever done, and think about the worst thing you have ever done. Try to remember what motivated you to do the former, and try to remember what motivated you to do the latter… How similar are these two motives?

Worst thing was done out of lust, the best was done out of hope and ambition (more selfless).  I think the two motives are direct opposites.

2. Think of someone who is your friend (do not select your best friend, but make sure the person is someone you would classify as “considerably more then an acquaintance”). This friend is going to be attacked by a grizzly bear. Now this person will survive the attack; that is guaranteed. There is a 100 percent chance that your friend will live. However, the extent of his injuries is unknown; he might receive nothing but a few superficial scratches, but he also might lose a limb (or multiple limbs). He might recover completely in twenty-four hours with nothing but a great story, or he might spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair. Somehow you have the ability to stop this attack from happening. You can magically save your friend from the bear. But his (or her) salvation will come at a peculiar price: if you choose to stop the bear, it will always rain. For the rest of your life, wherever you go, it will be raining. Sometimes it will pour and sometimes it will drizzle-but it will never not be raining. But it won’t rain over the totality of the earth, nor will the hydrological cycle de disrupted; these storm clouds will be isolated, and they will focus entirely on your specific where-abouts. You will also never see the sun again. Do you stop the bear, accepting the lifetime of rain?

Yes.  I have two choices, enjoy the rain or buy an umbrella.

3. Assume everything about your musical tastes was reversed overnight. Everything you loved, you now hate; everything you once hated, you now love. If your favorite band has always been REM, they will suddenly sound awful to you, they will become the band you dislike the most. Everything will become it’s opposite, but everything will remain in balance (and the rest of your personality will remain unchanged). So-in all likelihood-you won’t love music any less (or any more) then you do right now. There will still be artists you love and who make you happy; they will merely be the artists you currently find unlistenable. Now, I concede that this transformation would make you unhappy. But explain why.

I disagree with the need for that concession.  If my tastes completely changed then there would be no reason for me to be unhappy.  The concession doesn’t follow so I have no response than to call bullshit, I’d be completely transformed musically, but I’d be happy.

4. At the age of thirty, you suffer a blow to the skull. The head trauma leave you with a rare form of partial amnesia-though otherwise fine, you’re completely missing five years from your life. You have no memory of anything that happened between the ages of twenty-three and twenty-eight. That period of your life is completely gone; you have no recollection of anything that occurred during that five year gap.
You are told by friends and family that-when you were 25-you (supposedly) became close friends with someone you met on the street. You possess numerous photos of you and this person, and everyone in your life insists that you and this individual were best friends for over two years. You were (allegedly) inseparable. In face, you find several old letters and e-mails from this person that vaguely indicate you may have even shared a brief romantic relationship. But something happened between you and this individual when you were 27, and the friendship abruptly ended (and apparently-you never told anyone what caused this schism, so it remains a mystery to all). The friend moved away soon after the incident, wholly disappearing from your day-to-day life. But you have no memory of any of this. Within the context of your own mind, this person never existed. There is tangible proof that you deeply loved this friend, but-whenever you look at their photograph-all you see is a stranger.
Six weeks after your accident, you are informed this person suddenly died.
How sad do you feel?

Not overly.  I have no recollection for the person, however I would feel at a loss for the five years of my finite life.  I would also feel down about the death of someone so young, although I would not feel any personal loss.

5. You work in an office performing a job that you find satisfying (and which compensates you adequately). The company that employs you is suddenly purchased by an eccentric millionaire who plans to immediately raise each person’s salary by 5% and extend an extra week of vacation to all full-time employees.
However, this new owner intends to enforce a somehwat radical dress code: every day men will have to wear tuxedos, tails and top hats (during the summer months, men wil be allowed to wear three piece grey suits on “casual Fridays”). Women must exclusively work in formal wear, preferably ball gowns or prom dresses. Each employee will be given an annual $500 stipend to purchase necessary garments, but that money can only be spent on work related clothing.
The new regime starts in 3 months.
Do you seek employment elsewhere?

Potentially.  If I enjoyed the work I would continue with the company, however I do appreciate wearing very casual clothes (which is afforded to me by research jobs), so I would only stay if I enjoyed the job.  The “free” tuxedos and suits would be nice though.

6. You have been wrongly accused of a horrific crime: Due to a bizarre collision of unfortunate circumstances and insane coincidences, it appears that you have murdered a prominent U.S. senator, his beautiful young wife, and both of their infant children. Now, you did not do this, but you are indicted and brought to trial.
Predictably, the criminal proceedings are a national sensation (on par with the 1994 O.J. Simpson trial). It’s on television constantly, and it’s the lead story in most newspapers for almost a year. The prosecuting attorney is a charming genius; sadly, your defense team lacks creativity and panache. To make matters worse, the jury is a collection of easily confused sheep. You are found guilty and sentenced to four consecutive life terms with virtually no hope for parole (and - since there were no procedural mistakes during the proceedings - an appeal is hopeless).
This being the case, you are (obviously) disappointed.
However, as you leave the courtroom (and in the days immediately following the verdict), something becomes clear; the “court of public opinion” has overwhelmingly found you innocent. Over 95 percent of the country believes you are not guilty. Noted media personalities have declared this scenario “the ultimate legal tragedy.” So you are going to spend the rest of your life amidst the general population of a maximum-security prison…but you are innocent, and everyone seems to know this.
Does this knowledge make you feel (a) better, (b) no different, or (c) worse?

Better about humanity and the public for seeing through the story (although it may have been sensationalized in such a way that the “true” story was lost entirely, in which case I would not feel any better), but worse about the judicial system and the power of lawyers.

7. You are offered a Brain Pill. If you swallow this pill, you will become 10 percent more intelligent than you currently are; you will be more adept at reading comprehension, logic, and critical thinking. However, to all other people you know (and to all future people you meet), you will seem 20 percent less intelligent. In other words, you will immediately become smarter, but the rest of the world will perceive you as dumber (and there is now way you can ever alter the universality of this perception).
Do you take this pill?

This question is logically invalid.  If there is “no way” to alter the “universality of the perception” then taking an IQ test (even many of them) would not demonstrate to other people that I was 30% smarter than they thought.  Even just everyday interactions (like better abilities to solve problems at work/school/etc.) would have no effect.  The final issue is what about people you don’t interact with - i.e. if I were to take the pill and write an article to a magazine that was 10% better then I could have done before, then shouldn’t people who read it without knowing me see the higher level of intelligence?

Now if I grant that this contradiction is a possibility then there is no point to being 10% smarter if no one is ever going to accept it, and in fact finds my work and accomplishments 30% worse than it is.  I’d rather have my work judged in without such a bias.

8. You begin watching a new television series, and you immediately find yourself strongly relating to one of the supporting characters. You’ve never before experienced a TV character that seems so similar to yourself; this fictional person dresses, behaves and talks exactly like you. And - slowly, over the course of several episodes - the similarity grows spooky; on two separate occasions, the character recounts personal anecdotes that happened in your real life. The actor portraying this character begins mimicking your mannerisms. In at least three different episodes, the character’s dialog quotes things that you have said (verbatim) during casual conversation.
You become convinced that this is neither coincidence nor mental illness: somehow, this character is being actively based on your life. The show’s writers generally depict the “you” character in a positive manner, but - as far as you can tell - you don’t know anyone involved in the show’s production or creation. It’s totally inexplicable.
You have two friends who also watch this show. One of them is certain that your theory is correct and that (somehow) the character is, in fact, based on your life. She tells you to get a lawyer. The second friend concedes that many of the similarities are amazing, but that the whole notion is ridiculous, impossible, and egocentric. He tells you to see a therapist.
How do you respond to this situation? Do you do anything?

I’d likely look up the writing and producing credits, but likely not pursue any legal action as it would more flatter me than offend.  Furthermore, a show with such a topic would offer a unique insight into my own life.

9. If given the choice, would you rather (a) only abide by the rules and moral of society that you personally agree with, or (b) have the power to slightly adjust the rules and morals that currently exist (but these adjustment would then apply to you and everyone else, all the time)?

If you have (b) then you have (a).  However, I do not think rules and morals should be decided by one single person so I would go with (a).

10. You are placed in the unenviable position of having to compete for the right to stay alive.
You will be matched against a person of your own gender in a series of five events- an 800-meter run, a game of Scrabble, a three-round boxing match, a debate over the legalization of late-term abortion ( scored and officiated by reputable collegiate judges) and the math portion of the SAT.
In order to survive, you must win at least three of these events (your opponent will be playing for his or her life as well). However, you (kind of) get to pick your opponent: you can either (a) compete against a person selected at random, or (b) you can compete against someone who is exactly like you. If selected at random, the individual could be of any age or skill level-he/she might be an infant with Down syndrome, but she might also be an Academic All-American linebacker from Notre Dame. If you pick “the average human,” he/she will be precisely your age and will have an identical level of education, and the person will be a perfect cross-section of your particular demographic-he/she will be of average height and of average weight, with a standard IQ and the most normative life experience imaginable.
So whom do you select? Or-perhaps more accurately-do you feel that you are better than an average version of yourself?

If I went for the “average me” I would likely lose the boxing match and 800m run.  I could hold my own on the math SAT, and likely do well on the debate.  Scrabble would be iffy.  I feel that in general however, I would have a better chance against the random person from society at large, since I would still likely be at a disadvantage in the run and boxing match, however my advantage in the other three events would increase.

11. It is 1933. You are in Berlin, Germany. Somehow you find yourself in position to effortlessly steal Adolf Hitler’s wallet. This theft will not affect Hitler’s rise to power, the nature of World War II, or the Holocaust. There are no important papers in the wallet, but the act will cost Hitler forty Reichsmarks and completely ruin his evening. You do not need the money. The odds that you will be caught are less than 2% but if caught you will be executed. Are you ethically obligated to steal Hitler’s wallet?

I am ethically obligated NOT to steal his wallet.  If theft were justified in that case then why shouldn’t it be justified in any case?  I do not feel it would be right to cause a bit of discomfort by playing judge, jury, and thief.

12. How would your views about war, politics and the role of the military change if all future conflicts were fought by armies of robots (that is to say, if all nations agreed to conduct wars exclusively with machines so that human casualties would be virtually non-existent)?

There was an episode of the original Star Trek series where something similar occurred - only they had computers calculate the casualties and then they had each side kill off that many people.

However, with no casualties I would be less averse to war, however my political views would not change and I would still stand firmly on the left.

13. You are in a plane crash in the Andes Mountains, not unlike those people from the movie Alive. As such, you will be forced to consume the human flesh of the people who died on impact; this will be a terrible experience but it is the only way for you to survive. Fortunately, you did not know any of the victims personally.
Would you rather eat a dead baby, or would you rather eat a dead elderly person? Would you gender play a role in your selection process? And how much would it bother you if this meat turned out to be delicious?

I would evaluate who I’d eat on a case-by-case basis.  The elderly likely have more meat than a baby, however they are more likely to have diseases which could be transferable (through cannibalism) and would be something to be wary of.  Gender would have no role in the selection, and if the meat were delicious I would not continue to eat unless necessary, however I would not really feel deeply disturbed, as likely many forms of mammalian meats are tasty.

14. Is there any widespread practice more futile than attempting to predict society’s future relationship with technology?

The record of Ray Kurzweil shows that’s it’s not impossible for one to have a good track record in predicting technological advances.  I think that what is more futile is hoping people will not commit themselves to any ideology to the point where they are willing to kill themselves.

15. While traveling on business, your spouse (whom you love) is involved in a plane crash over the Pacific Ocean. It is assumed that everyone on board has died. For the next seven months, you quietly mourn. But then the unbelievable happens: it turns out your spouse has survived. He/She managed to swim to a desert island, where he/she lived in relative comfort with one other survivor (they miraculously located most of the aircraft’s supplies on the beach, and the island itself was filed with ample food sources). Against all odds, they have just been discovered by a Fijian fishing boat.
The two survivors return home vie helicopter, greeted by the public as media sensations. Immediately upon their arrival, there is an international press conference. And during this press conference, you cannot help but notice how sexy the other survivor is; physically, he/she perfectly embodies the type of person your mate is normally attracted to. Moreover, the intensity of the event has clearly galvanized a relationship between the two crash victims: they spend most of the interview explaining how they could not have survived without the other person’s presence. They explain how they passed the time by telling anecdotes from their respective lives, and both admit to admit to having virtually given up on the possibility of r a tearful good-bye hug. It’s extremely emotional.
After the press conference you are finally reunited with your spouse. He/She embraces you warmly and kisses you deeply.
How long do you wait before asking if he/she was ever unfaithful to you on this island? Do you never ask? And if your mate’s answer is “yes,” would that (under these specific circumstances) be acceptable?

I wouldn’t ask and would leave it to her to tell me if anything had happened.  I would trust that she had committed herself to me and was faithful in that.  If she happened not to be faithful and told me I might eventually forgive, but I cannot judge what I’d honestly do.

16. Let us assume you have the ability to telekinetically change culture while you actively experience it. Your mind can now dictate what you see and hear. For example, if you were listening to Pear Jam’s Yield and you wanted the music to be heavier, it would immediately sound as though Mike McCready’s guitar had been tuned differently in the studio. If you were watching The Office on NBC and decided that Jim should marry Pam (or Karen, or both), you could make it happen–all you would need to do is think about that specific desire. You could stare at an oil painting and unconsciously change the color contrasts. If a PG13 romantic comedy grew dull, you could force it to evolve into an eroticized NC-17 thriller. You could (essentially) write books as you read them, eliminating certain characters and redirecting plot points as the occurred in the text. However, such changes would only apply to your experience; you could kill off Han Solo at the end of Return of the Jedi, but htat would not change the movie for anyone else. All other people would posses the same personal telekinetic powers as you.
Would you want this? And–if this became a reality–would art retain any meaning whatsoever?

I wouldn’t want this ability because half of the enjoyment from media and culture comes from being surprised at twists and turns.  I don’t believe I’d have enough creativity to keep things interesting.

17. You die from natural causes.
Upon death, you are absorbed skyward. You ascend toward a warm, white light. You immediately realize you have entered the afterlife…and (much to your surprise) it is exactly like the cliched conventional, kindergarten version of Christian heaven. You enter through gates made of pearl. The ground is covered by a white, cloud like fog. Angels fly around you and play the hard. You are wearing a comfortable white robe. Everyone there is aimlessly walking around, smiling broadly, perfectly content; this, it seems, is how you will spend eternity.
Upon your arrival, you are greeted by Jesus (and he looks exactly like the stereotypical depiction of Jesus). “Welcome to heaven,” he says. “I think you will like it here, and I look forward to loving you unconditionally for the duration of time. But I also realize heaven isn’t necessarily for everyone, so I always give newcomers a chance to go to the other place, if that’s what they would prefer.”
“Are you referring to hell?” you say in response.
“Oh, no,” says Jesus. “Not hell. Certainly not hell. I would never send you to hell. But you can go to somewhere that isn’t here. It’s a viable post-life option. About 18% of our potential residents go in that direction.”
“What is the other place like?” you ask.
“I can’t tell you,” says Jesus. “But if you do elect to go there, you can never come back here. And you only have 20 minutes to decide.”
“Why only 20?” you ask.
“Because I am Jesus,” says Jesus.
What do you do?

I take the alternative, see my post I hate god.  Really I just don’t want to spend eternity surrounded by blissful happy Christians (no offence), and would enjoy at least one more surprise with the other 18%.

18. The world is ending. It’s ending quickly, and it’s ending dramatically. It will either end at noon on your fortieth birthday, or it will end two days after you die (from natural causes) at the age of seventy-five. Which apocalyptic scenario do you prefer?

My gut said I wanted to live to seventy-five, but it would be kind of interesting to see the end of the world.  I have to choose the longer life however, since I don’t foresee there being an afterlife.

19. You are given the chance to control what your legacy will be. You can’t specifically dictate how you will be recalled by future generations, but you are given the chance to choose between two general idioms of legacies.
The first kind of legacy (”option A”) would be that you lived your days as a good, honest person who worked hard and contributed to society. However, the limitation of this legacy will be that almost no one will know or remember this information (including future members of your own extended family). Most average people will never even know you lived.
The second kind of legacy (”option B”) will be familiar to almost everyone in the world for centuries to come. However, this legacy will be extremely strange and neutral; it will be an obscure fact that has almost nothing to do with your tangible day-to-day life (the best comparison being the legacy of General Tso Tsungtang, an extremely gifted and successful military leader during the seventeenth-century Qing Dynasty who is now exclusively remembered as the namesake for the popular Chinese dish General Tso’s chicken).
Which legacy do you want?

I choose option A.  I would rather just have a good life where I do what I can to make the world a better place.  If I’m accurately remembered (or not) for that, then so be it, but I would rather that then be remembered for some oddity.

Read the rest of this entry

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My personal philosophy spelled out

13 May 2008

Greta Christina has a(nother) great post on her Blog.  This one examines the “harm reduction” model of public health which essentially accepts human flaws, and works to do as much as possible to fix the situation, but accepts limitations.  For example: STD/contraception instruction to teenagers, anti-needle sharing programs for addicts, etc.  She extends this idea to her life in general, suggesting that we should generally try to make things better, but admits that we can’t always make things perfect. And she concludes:

It lets you be both an optimist and a realist.

It’s a great article, go read it.

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On Birds and Turbines

6 May 2008

A few days ago I reported that Ed Stelmach arbitrarily stated “wind turbines kill 30,000 birds per year,” however there is a reference for this: (Emma Marris & Daemon Fairless “Wind farms’ deadly reputation hard to shift” Nature vol. 447 no. 7141 p. 126.).  I said that his numbers were a lie, however that was wrong, the point I was making however, remains.

It state’s that it takes “30 wind turbines to kill a bird per year” (the correction notes that this figure is only for raptors, the total birds/turbine total per year is 4.27).

It’s conclusion is however:

In the final analysis, though, whichever way you slice it, or them, America’s birds seem to die in turbine blades at a rate no higher than 40,000 a year. Deaths due to domestic cats, on the other  and, are put at “hundreds of millions”. It is possible, the panel noted, that the turbines are rather worse for bats; recent studies have turned up more of their carcasses than expected.  But the numbers are still small.

And this little gem comes at the end of the article:

But Rick Koebbe, president of PowerWorks, a California firm that owns turbines in Altamont, argues that this should be put into context. “I heard that over 1,000 birds a year run into the Washington Monument. Should we tear that down? We’re out here trying to do a job to save the Earth. We even save birds, since they are twice as vulnerable to pollution as humans.”

The point is, Mr. Stelmach, that measures are being taken to prevent unnessary bird deaths (sonar, etc.), and these will prevent future tradgedies in tar ponds and turbine towers.  However, in the Syncrude example, they failed to meet the regulations, and many birds died.  The deaths themselves exemplify the horrendous safety record and atrocious environmental damage that the tar sands are taken on our environment, and that is why it is media worthy.

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If she sound’s high it’s because she’s horny

1 May 2008

Apparently (I can’t make this up) women’s voices raise during ovulation, signalling their most fertile times.

Martie Haselton and Greg Bryant at the University of California, Los Angeles, say that vocal pitch plays an important role in judging fertility. “We have found that voices are higher in pitch on high-fertility days of the cycle,” says Haselton.

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Lying to cover his tracks

1 May 2008

If you haven’t heard, 500 ducks landed and subsequently died in an oil sands tailing pond in Alberta.  Premier Ed Stelmach has now rebutted:

Alberta Premier Ed Stelmach downplayed the deaths, saying that wind turbines kill 30,000 birds annually.

Quickly you have to think: “Where the hell did he get those numbers from?”  And if you did you should know:

That number seems a little overblown, says the president of Calgary-based Alberta Wind Energy Corporation, which focuses on building wind turbines in southern Alberta.

“Studies have indicated that (each of the province’s) turbines kill 1.3 birds annually. I don’t think there are 30,000 wind turbines in the world,” said Stewart Duncan.

In fact wind turbines are one of the least effective means of killing ducks and birds.  That is, after power lines, cars and trucks, tall buildings, homes, lighted commercial towers, pesticides, and house cats.  That’s right CATS kill more birds than turbines Ed!  This really seems like Ed hating the environment even more.  His government has told other lies recently too.

The issue here is not that 500 birds died, its that 500 birds were allowed to die.  The birds emphasize the rampant over-raping of the environment that’s going on in this province and needs to stop.

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Don Page, Physics, and Theology

1 May 2008

My last post was on Don Page’s article/talk Does God so Love the Multiverse, which (as far as I can tell) is an attempt to allow modern Christians to incorporate modern cosmological ideas into their theology.  I don’t think the point of the paper was to win anyone to Christianity.

However, in this post I will analyze his Valentine’s Day 2008 Paper “Scientific and Philosophical Challenges to Theism.”  This 25-page paper seemed more like a random musing of a quantum cosmologist who is attempting to reconcile contradictory ideas in his head.  This summary is supported by the last paragraph of the introduction:

Generally I see science and religion as supporting each other, but there are certainly areas in both that puzzle me. Let me discuss some that to me have seemed to be the biggest challenges to theism, and give some thoughts I have had on them. These thoughts are certainly tentative, so I would certainly appreciate any help others can provide on these mysteries. [emphasis added]

2. The Afterlife Awareness Problem

Section 1 was the introduction, which doesn’t (and shouldn’t) add any arguments.

His first discussion starts off in a very theoretical place however.  He begins by discussing the Doomsday Argument which states (in my limited understanding) that given the number of human beings that have existed one can predict the lifetime of the human race.  It essentially assumes that we are more likely to be at least half-way to doomsday and therefore our species has a finite existence.  This is a statistics argument, that I barely get, and still it seems very arbitrary.

Dr. Page’s issue occurs when he extends this idea to an afterlife and experiences after death.  The issue would be that our present observations would be highly unusual (i.e. statistically unlikely) if there were a very long afterlife of experiences to accumulate.  Another way to think of this (perhaps simpler) is that if the afterlife is infinite (or at much much longer than the length of our pre-death lives) than our experiences pre-death would have little overall weight in the total scheme of our experiences.

How he wraps his head around this contradiction is to (unlike normal people - and I say that with the utmost respect for Dr. Page’s intelligence) draw an analogy to theoretical physics (specifically Boltzmann brains), which lets him visualize a solution.  He also brings up various quantum mechanical ways to think about it, and possibly considering the afterlife as a singe experience.

I think a simpler solution (not that I’m trying to solve issues for theism, but I appreciate solutions) is to not underestimate consciousness.  When we’re young and have few experiences every experience seems to take a long time.  However, as we age, time seems to go by faster and faster.  We also have finite brain capacity (while alive), so many memories are forgotten to make room for more in the future.  I don’t think it’s unreasonable to suspect that an infinite number of experiences could happen - we would just only remember a finite number of them (unfortunately), or else if there is an afterlife we may have access to superior functions.

Given that I had previously had faith in an infinite afterlife, though not quite 100% faith, this conclusion certainly seemed contrary to how I had interpreted the afterlife. It has bothered me ever since I first thought of it.

Overall: problem not so bad, potentially solved

3. Human Free Will

A simple statement of the problem:

the question of human free will … Is there any room for human free will in a universe with definite laws of nature and a definite quantum state? I.e., if the initial conditions and the dynamical laws of evolution are determined, how could humans act otherwise than what would be predicted by these initial conditions and dynamical laws?

He again launches immediately into solutions tied tightly to theoretical physics.  First in that humans “could help choose the laws and quantum state of the universe,” however he identifies the obvious problem that causality is a one-way street and we haven’t been around since the universe’s day 1.  He rebuts though identifying to theoretical reason why causality can’t go in reverese, so this could be the fact of the matter, however he says:

I do personally find it rather implausible that human free will choices can help determine the quantum state of the universe from the very beginning.

His bigger issue is that if God created everything for all time, including actions, causes, and entities, then it is logically impossible for free will to exist.  However:

Now I will admit that if we had some independent existence and were not entirely created or caused by God, then logically we could have free will. God might adopt us, or at least our independent free will choices, within a universe that He otherwise creates.

He seems to want to reject the adoption idea (which seems similar to the ideas behind His Dark Materials trilogy.

Overall: Problem remains for traditional monotheistic religion

4. Divine Free Will and Information Content

This section goes between quantum cosmology and the ontological argument.  He begins with an anecdote which essentially boils to the point: if this is a bounded deterministic universe, then God may have just wanted it that way (and is His Will).

The first issue he discusses relates to Anslem’s ontological argument.  He deduces that if God is a necessary entity and His creation of the universe is also necessary then there is no way He can have free will.  However, he is able to reject the argument since the ontological argument only requires the greatest necessary being (which isn’t necessarily worthy of the title “God”).  He finishes arguing that if God were necessary He would have no information content.  He fails to define information content, and I’m not fully clear on the implications of this argument.

Overall: If God is necessary he’s not worthy of being a god.

5. The Complexity and Probability of God

Here he quotes Richard Dawkins and The God Delusion.  He considers the arguments of chapter 4 which “are not very tightly stated” so he enlisted William Lane Craig to help and figured the argument was:

1. A more complex world is less probable than a simpler world.
2. A world with God is more complex than a world without God.
3. Therefore a world with God is less probable than a world without God.

To which he asked Dr. Dawkins if this was appropriate and he quotes the response:

After circulating this form, I did get the obviously hurried reply from Dawkins: “Your three steps seem to me to be valid. Richard Dawlkins [sic]” (1 February 2007).

His response first questions the probability of complexity - namely whether premise #1 is accurate.  One quote he names says God could make complexity over simplicity by simple choice, however, such a suggestion had the effect of  “shaking {Dr. Page’s] fundamentalist physicist faith in the simplicity of the laws of nature.”  He is therefore willing to grant the first premise as a scientist (who typically look for the simplest theories).  He then moves to question whether God is complex, or adds any complexity.

He then contradicts his earlier statements of section 4 by saying if God is necessary He would be simple and therefore would add no complexity.  The contradiction is that if God is necessary then He has no free will.  This rebuttal to Dawkin’s argument makes the issue of section 4 stand and then God has no free will.

Overall: Don Page vs. Richard Dawkins - either Dawkins is right or God has no free will

6. The Problem of Evil and Elegance

If God is the best possible being and created everything, why does evil exist?

The traditional response he identifies quickly: because we have free will, however he realizes that natural evils (disease, disasters etc.) are not solved.

therefore I do not regard the problem of evil as sufficient for me to give up my simple hypothesis that God created and determined everything contingent other than Himself.

Once again Dr. Page turns to theoretical physics and assumes a solution coming from multiverse theory this time.  He assumes that perhaps “God created all universes that are better to exist than not to exist.”  Basically any universe with net Good vs. Evil is in existence.  His analogy is that he has done some evil but it’s (subjectively) better for him to exist than to not (although some of his Phys 244/281 students may disagree).

The issue he finds is that he would expect slightly more elegance than ugliness in physics but not enormously more.  His issue “is that the laws of physics are enormously more elegant than ugly,” and therefore it is questionable why such elegance exists.  He basically claims that he has reformulated the problem of evil into the “problem of elegance.”  However, anyone in experimental physics (not theoretical) will realize that the models put forth in theoretical physics do not hold as elegantly as we might like to believe.  We are able to model a lot with simple equations, however, there is a lot that is much more difficult to model, and what I would be reluctant to call “elegant.”  A simple situation (even in theoretical physics) is given by the difference between the Atwood’s Machine (a simple pulley system), and a swinging Atwood Machine (one of the masses on the pulley swings), the first can be easily solved, research only began on the second in 1982 and can only be analytically solved in a few situations.

Overall: The problem of evil remains, as well as the potential “problem of elegance”

7. Conclusions

Let me close with an aphorism that I coined to summarize my thoughts as a scientist and as a Christian:

Science reveals the intelligence of the universe;
the Bible reveals the Intelligence behind the universe.

The statement I most agree with from this paper is here: “Whether God is seen as probable or improbable
depends on one’s assumptions.”

Overall Don Page presents several issues to his theism that he has considered, and tries to reconcile them using his theoretical physics background.  Several issues remain, but he clearly remains committed to his faith.